This document covers recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging energy storage technology by a potential user for any stationary application. Energy storage technologies are those that provide a means for the reversible storage of electrical energy, i.e., the device receives electrical energy and is able to discharge electrical energy at a later time. The storage medium may be electrochemical (e.g., batteries), kinetic (e.g., flywheels), electrostatic (e.g., electric… read more double-layer capacitors [EDLCs]), theremal, or some other medium. Devices recharged by non-electrical means, such as fuel cells, are beyond the scope of this document. For the purposes of this document, "emerging" technologies are defined as those technologies recently, or soon to be, made available for sale under customary commercial terms (e.g., defined scope-of-supply, warranted performance). Stationary applications include both standby and cycling operation. The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data. A standard approach for analysis of failure modes is also provided, including assessment of safety attributes. The intent of this document is to ensure that characterization information, including test conditions and limits of applicability, is sufficiently complete to allow valid comparisons to be made. The document does not specify test methods, minimum requirements, or pass/fail criteria. This recommended practice does not describe individual energy storage technologies, nor does it provide guidance on their suitability for a particular application. This document does not cover sizing, installation, maintenance, and testing techniques, except insofar as they may influence the evaluation of a technology for its intended application. read less

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This document covers recommended information for an objective evaluation of an emerging or alternative energy storage technology by a potential user for any stationary application. Energy storage technologies are those that provide a means for the reversible storage of electrical energy, i.e., the device receives electrical energy and is able to discharge electrical energy at a later time. The storage medium may be electrochemical (e.g., batteries), kinetic (e.g., flywheels), electrostatic (e.g.… read more , electric double-layer capacitors [EDLCs]), thermal, compressed air, or some other medium. While many of the principles outlined in this recommended practice can be applied to a wide range of energy storage technologies, the primary focus is on stationary batteries. Devices recharged by non-electrical means, such as fuel cells, are beyond the scope of this document. For the purposes of this document, emerging technologies are defined as those technologies recently, or soon to be, made available for sale under customary commercial terms (e.g., defined scope-of-supply, warranted performance). Alternative technologies are those that are currently mature but are less well-known or as frequently deployed as traditional technologies such as lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries or pumped-storage hydro. Stationary applications include both standby service and cycling operation. The document provides a common basis for the expression of performance characteristics and the treatment of life-testing data. A standard approach for analysis of failure modes is also provided, including assessment of safety attributes. The intent of this document is to ensure that characterization information, including test conditions and limits of applicability, is sufficiently complete to allow valid comparisons to be made. The document does not specify test methods, minimum requirements, or pass/fail criteria. This recommended practice does not describe individual energy storage technologies, nor does it provide guidance on their suitability for a particular application. This document does not cover sizing, installation, maintenance, and testing techniques, except insofar as they may influence the evaluation of a technology for its intended application. read less

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This document provides guidance for an objective evaluation of sodium-based energy storage technologies by a potential user for any stationary application. This document is to be used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1679-2010, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications.For the purposes of this document, sodium-based batteries include those secondary (rechargeable) electrochemistries with sodium as the active… read more species exchanged between the electrodes during charging and discharging, and operating at or above the melting point of sodium. Examples of secondary sodium-based batteries are sodium-nickel chloride and sodium-sulfur batteries. This document does not apply to aqueous sodium-based battery technologies.The outline of IEEE Std 1679-2010 is followed in this document, with tutorial information specific to sodium-based batteries provided as appropriate. Examples of tutorial information include technology descriptions, operating parameters, failure modes, safety information, battery architecture, qualification and application considerations.This document does not cover sizing, installation, maintenance and testing techniques, except insofar as they may influence the evaluation of a sodium-based battery for its intended application. read less

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This document provides guidance for an objective evaluation of lithium-based energy storage technologies by a potential user for any stationary application. This document is to be used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1679™-2010, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Stationary Applications. For the purposes of this document, lithium-based batteries include those secondary (rechargeable) electrochemistries with lithium ions as… read more the active species exchanged between the electrodes during charging and discharging. Examples of secondary lithium-based batteries are lithium-ion, lithium-ion polymer, lithium-metal polymer, and lithium-sulfur batteries. Primary (non-rechargeable) lithium batteries are beyond the scope of this document. While this document does not cover lithium-based batteries used in mobile applications, the information provided is applicable to electric vehicle or similar batteries that are repurposed for use in stationary applications. This document also applies to batteries that are stationary when in operation but are intended to be relocated, for example, containerized or trailer-mounted systems. The outline of IEEE Std 1679-2010 is followed in this document, with tutorial information specific to lithium-based batteries provided as appropriate. Examples of tutorial information include technology descriptions, operating parameters, failure modes, safety information, battery architecture, and qualification and application considerations. This document does not cover sizing, installation, maintenance, and testing techniques, except insofar as they may influence the evaluation of a lithium-based battery for its intended application. read less

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This document provides guidance for an objective evaluation of Sodium-Beta energy storage technology by a potential user for any stationary application. This document is to be used in conjunction with IEEE Std 1679™ IEEE Recommended Practice for the Characterization and Evaluation of Emerging Energy Storage Technologies in Secondary Applications. For the purposes of this document, Sodium-Beta batteries include those secondary (rechargeable) electro-chemistries with sodium as the active species… read more exchanged between the electrodes during charging and discharging, and operating above the melting point of sodium. These batteries use a solid β″-alumina electrolyte, typically written as β -alumina. Examples of secondary Sodium-Beta batteries are sodium-metal chloride and sodium-sulfur batteries. Non-rechargeable batteries are beyond the scope of this document. The outline of IEEE Std 1679 is followed in this document, with tutorial information specific to Sodium-Beta batteries provided as appropriate. Examples of tutorial information include technology descriptions, operating parameters, failure modes, safety information, battery architecture, and qualification and application considerations. This document does not cover sizing, installation, or routine maintenance and testing requirements, except insofar as they may influence the evaluation of a Sodium-Beta battery for its intended application. read less

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